Northern Song. Southern Song. Yuan Dynasty. Mingzong Ming Dynasty. Taizu [reign title: Hongwu]. Huidi [reign title: Jianwen].
Chengzu [reign title: Yongle]. Renzong [reign title: Hongxi]. Xuanzong [reign title: Xuande]. Yingzong [reign title: Zhengtong]. Daizong [reign title: Jingtai].
Yingzong [reign title: Dienshun] restored to throne. Xianzong [reign title: Chenghua]. Xiaozong [reign title: Hongzhi]. Wuzong [reign title: Zhengde]. Shizong [reign title: Jiajing]. Liu Bang, who was given the Han River Valley to rule, quickly rose up against other local kings and then waged a three-year revolt against Xiang Yu. Mark Edward Lewis. The Dynasties of China. Bamber Gascoigne. Li Feng. National Geographic. Qin Dynasty. Ancient History Encyclopedia.
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The Han Dynasty ruled China from B. Though tainted by deadly dramas within the royal court, it is also known for its promotion of Confucianism as the state religion and opening the Silk Road trade route to Europe, The Tang Dynasty is considered a golden age of Chinese arts and culture. In power from to A. Beginning of the The Shang Dynasty is the earliest ruling dynasty of China to be established in recorded history, though other dynasties predated it.
The Shang ruled from to B. They were known for their advances in math, astronomy, artwork and The Ming Dynasty ruled China from to A. Known for its trade expansion to the outside world that established cultural ties with the West, the Ming Dynasty is also remembered for its drama, literature and world-renowned He divided the state into provinces and prefectures governed by appointed officials.
This administrative structure has served as a model for government in China to the present day. Shihuangdi sought to standardize numerous aspects of Chinese life, including weights and measures, coinage, and the writing system. These standards would last for centuries after the fall of his short-lived dynasty. He also ordered many construction projects. The Qin Dynasty was one of the shortest in all of Chinese history, lasting only about 15 years, but it was also one of the most important.
This laid the foundation for the consolidation of the Chinese territories that we know today, and resulted in a very bureaucratic state with a large economy, capable of supporting an expanded military. The First Emperor divided China into provinces, with civil and military officials in a hierarchy of ranks. This canal helped send half a million Chinese troops to conquer the lands to the south. Qin Shi Huang standardized writing, a crucial factor in the overcoming of cultural barriers between provinces, and unifying the empire.
He also standardized systems of currency, weights, and measures, and conducted a census of his people. He established elaborate postal and irrigation systems, and built great highways. In contrast, in line with his attempt to impose Legalism, Qin Shi Huang strongly discouraged philosophy particularly Confucianism and history—he buried Confucian scholars alive and burned many of their philosophical texts, as well as many historical texts that were not about the Qin state.
This burning of books and execution of philosophers marked the end of the Hundred Schools of Thought. The philosophy of Mohism in particular was completely wiped out.
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