The increasing debt burden necessitated deep-rooted reforms after , in line with the economic stabilization program. Political demonstrations and actions that began in Kosovo in have spread to other republics over time. The tense relations between the republics led to frequent changes in government, leading to tremors in party and state levels.
The Communist Party entered a process of disintegration as a result of the struggle of radical Serbs against the freedoms granted to post liberalization and the freedoms granted to the autonomous republics. Yugoslavia state began to disintegrate along with the party. Serbia began its attacks against the separatist elements in Yugoslavia, led by Milosevic, who held the Yugoslavian army.
As a result, Slovenia was the first state to leave Yugoslavia in , and in June Croatia, under the leadership of Franjo Tudman, decided for independence. Bosnia and Herzegovina, led by Alija Izetbegovic, declared its independence after the referendum.
On September 17, , based on a referendum held in Macedonia on September 8, , Macedonia declared its independence from Yugoslavia. After Macedonia became independent, Yugoslavia was completely disbanded. In , with the name, Yugoslavia now named as Serbia-Montenegro, the state of Yugoslavia was erased from history.
In , Montenegro declared its independence by leaving Serbia. On the other hand, in the course of the ongoing process, Kosovo, whose security was provided by NATO, left Serbia by declaring independence in Finally, with the independence of Kosovo, seven states emerged as a result of the disintegration of Yugoslavia. This Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes existed for about a decade. In , the then monarch, King Alexander I assumed dictatorship and renamed the state Yugoslavia.
The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was formed on October 3, This was a time of much political flux and chaos. The rise of the Yugoslav Partisans as a protest against German occupation also gave rise to the proclamation of Democratic Federal Yugoslavia in This was a unique form of government which gained approval of the king but when the monarchy itself was abolished in , the state disintegrated. However, it was already used as the de facto anthem for 43 years.
This was the anthem of SFRY until it stopped existing in It was a horizontal tricolor with three equal bands of blue, white and red. The monarchy chose the pan-Slavic design to symbolize the unity of all Southern Slavs.
The flag was in official use until the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was occupied by Axis powers in After World War II, the monarchy stopped existing and Yugoslavia became a federal socialist republic. Therefore, the communists decided to add a red star with a narrow yellow border to the center of the white band.
The blue symbolized the blue sky, the white represented freedom and red was a symbol of blood spilled in the war for national liberation World War II. The flag was usually accompanied on official buildings by the flag of the federal republic and the flag of the League of the Communists of Yugoslavia. This flag was used until the breakup of Yugoslavia in the s. The coat of arms of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was based on the Coat of arms of Serbia.
It depicted a two-headed white eagle between two golden fleur-de-lis, on a red background. Also, the Serbian coat of arms depicted the Serbian cross, a national symbol of Serbia, based on the tetragrammic cross flag of the Byzantine Palaiologos dynasty.
The new one included three golden six-armed stars. The emblem of socialist Yugoslavia was adopted the same time as the flag — in The cross which has always been a part of it was removed for ideological reasons of socialist atheism.
It featured five torches surrounded by wheat, all burning together in one flame. This represented the brotherhood and unity of the five Yugoslav nations: Serbs, Croats, Montenegrins, Macedonians and Slovenes. The Bosniaks were not represented on this emblem, but they were on the redesigned one from The Constitution from named him president for life.
Which made him able to stay on as president till his death in Some consider him to be a dictator or perhaps a benevolent dictator. He was held in high regard by his people. During his presidency and in the years following his death, several places in the SFRY were named or renamed in honor of him.
He died at the age of Tito was interred in a mausoleum called House of Flowers in Belgrade, which is a part of the Museum of Yugoslav History.
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