Some of these defects include: Blockages or narrowing of the cervix Hymen that has no opening Missing uterus or vagina Vaginal septum a wall that divides the vagina into 2 sections Hormones play a big role in a woman's menstrual cycle.
Hormone problems can occur when: Changes occur to the parts of the brain where hormones that help manage the menstrual cycle are produced. The ovaries are not working correctly. Either of these problems may be due to: Anorexia loss of appetite Chronic or long-term illnesses, such as cystic fibrosis or heart disease Genetic defects or disorders Infections that occur in the womb or after birth Other birth defects Poor nutrition Tumors In many cases, the cause of primary amenorrhea is not known.
A female with amenorrhea will have no menstrual flow. She may have other signs of puberty. Exams and Tests. The provider will ask questions about: Your medical history Medicines and supplements you may be taking How much exercise you do Your eating habits A pregnancy test will be done.
If the amenorrhea is caused by a tumor in the brain: Medicines may shrink certain types of tumors. Surgery to remove the tumor may also be needed. Radiation therapy is usually only done when other treatments have not worked. Outlook Prognosis. Periods are not likely to start on their own if the amenorrhea was caused by one of the following conditions: Birth defects of the female organs Craniopharyngioma a tumor near the pituitary gland at the base of the brain Cystic fibrosis Genetic disorders You may have emotional distress because you feel different from friends or family.
When to Contact a Medical Professional. Alternative Names. Primary amenorrhea Normal uterine anatomy cut section Absence of menstruation amenorrhea. Menstruation Read more. Some antidepressants and mood stabilizers may affect how the hypothalamus and pituitary gland work. Polycystic ovary syndrome PCOS is a hormonal disorder that affects 6—8 percent of women worldwide.
PCOS may also lead to hyperandrogenemia, which is when a female has high levels of male hormones. A study of women with PCOS found that over 78 percent of them had hyperandrogenemia. Premature ovarian failure is when the ovaries stop working correctly before the age of This condition may lead to missed periods.
However, it is not the same as early menopause, which is when menstruation stops completely. Turner syndrome is a genetic disorder. People with this condition may have underdeveloped ovaries and an absence of menstruation.
Genital tract defects are structural problems that can cause an absence of menstruation or make it difficult for the menstrual blood to exit the vagina. The most common female genital tract defect is an imperforate hymen, which is a hymen with no opening that closes off the vagina and does not allow blood to leave it during a period. The pituitary gland releases the hormones that control the menstrual cycle.
Issues with the pituitary gland, including those below, may lead to amenorrhea:. Radiation therapy may also affect cells in the pituitary gland and cause amenorrhea.
People who miss three periods in a row but are not pregnant or likely to be entering menopause should see a doctor. This is especially important if they are experiencing additional symptoms. A doctor will recommend the best course of treatment for amenorrhea after diagnosing its underlying cause. Primary amenorrhea is often due to late puberty , which usually resolves over time.
However, a doctor can help determine if there is another underlying cause for periods not beginning. If a hormonal imbalance is responsible, the doctor may prescribe hormonal therapy.
If a person has amenorrhea due to rapid weight gain, the doctor is likely to recommend a calorie-controlled diet and exercise. In cases where amenorrhea develops due to a structural problem, surgery and an individualized treatment plan may be necessary.
Most causes of absence of menstruation are treatable. Following the treatment plan that a doctor recommends can help many people with amenorrhea regain a regular menstrual cycle. While occasional changes in the menstrual cycle are not unusual, frequently experiencing two periods in a month may indicate an underlying medical….
These diagnostic tests may include:. Treatment for amenorrhea varies depending on the underlying cause. Hormonal imbalances can be treated with supplemental or synthetic hormones, which can help normalize hormone levels.
Your doctor may also want to remove ovarian cysts, scar tissue, or uterine lesions that are causing you to miss your menstrual periods. Your doctor may also recommend making simple lifestyle changes if your weight or exercise routine is contributing to your condition.
Ask your doctor to refer you to a nutritionist or dietitian, if necessary. These specialists can teach you how to manage your weight and physical activity in a healthy way. Schedule an appointment with your doctor so they can determine the cause of your amenorrhea. Make sure you stick with your treatment plan and attend all follow-up appointments. Read this article in Spanish. Secondary amenorrhea occurs when you miss your period for six months or longer. Learn about its causes, symptoms, and treatment.
Many women with polycystic ovarian syndrome are unaware they have it. Learn more about symptoms, treatment, and tips to help keep your ovaries healthy. The birth control pill introduces different hormones into your system.
Learn how this may affect your menstrual cycle. Learn when a light period is nothing to worry about, and when it may be the sign of something more serious.
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